1. Universal tool holder with 7:24 taper There are usually five standards and specifications for universal tool holders with a taper of 7:24.
Namely NT (traditional type), DIN 69871 (German standard), IS07388/1 (international standard), MAS BT (Japanese standard) and ANSI/ASME (American standard).

The German standard of the NT type tool holder is DIN 2080. The tool holder is tightened by a pull rod on a traditional machine tool. It is also called ST in China. The other four tool holders are all used on the machining center. Tighten the handle.
At present, the two most used tool holders in China are DIN 69871 type (ie JT) and MAS BT type. DIN 69871 shank can be installed on DIN 69871 and ANSI/ASME spindle taper machines, IS0 7388/1 can be installed on DIN 69871, IS0 7388/1 and ANSI/ASME spindle taper machines , so in terms of versatility, the IS0 7388/1 shank is the best.

(1) DIN 2080 type (abbreviated as NT or ST) DIN 2080 is a German standard, that is, the international standard ISO 2583. It is what we usually call an NT type tool holder, which cannot be installed manually by the machine tool's manipulator.
(2) DIN 69871 type (referred to as JT, DIN, DAT or DV) DIN 69871 type is divided into two types, namely DIN 69871 A/AD type and DIN 69871 B type, the former is the inner cooling of the center, the latter is the inner cooling of the flange , other dimensions are the same.
(3) ISO 7388/1 type (abbreviated as IV or IT) has no difference in shank installation dimensions with DIN 69871 type, but since the D4 value of ISO 7388/1 type shank is smaller than the D4 value of DIN 69871 type shank, the An ISO 7388/1 shank can be installed without problems on a machine with a DIN 69871 taper hole, but there is a risk of interference when a DIN 69871 shank is installed on an ISO 7388/1 machine. (4) MAS BT type (abbreviated as BT) BT type is a Japanese standard, and its installation dimensions are completely different from DIN 69871, IS0 7388/1 and ANSI, and cannot be replaced. The symmetrical structure of the BT-type tool holder makes it more stable at high speed than the other three tool holders.
(5) ANSI B5.50 type (abbreviated as CAT) ANSI B5.50 type is the American standard, the installation size is similar to DIN 69871, IS0 7388/1, but because there is one less wedge notch, so the ANSI B5.50 type shank cannot be installed On DIN69871 and IS0 7388/1 machines, but DIN 69871 and IS0 7388/1 holders can be mounted on ANSI B5.50 type machines.

2. 1:10 HSK vacuum tool holder The German standard for HSK vacuum tool holder is DIN69873,
There are six standards and specifications, namely HSK-A, HSK-B, HSK-C, HSK-D, HSK-E and HSK-F,
There are three commonly used ones: HSK-A (automatic tool change with internal cooling), HSK-C (manual tool change with internal cooling) and HSK-E (automatic tool change with internal cooling, high-speed type).

The 7:24 universal tool holder is connected by the contact and positioning of the 7:24 taper surface of the tool holder and the 7:24 taper surface of the machine tool spindle hole, which has limitations in high-speed machining, connection rigidity and coincidence accuracy.
HSK vacuum tool holder relies on the elastic deformation of the tool holder, not only the 1:10 taper surface of the tool holder is in contact with the 1:10 tapered surface of the machine tool spindle hole, but also the flange surface of the tool holder is in close contact with the spindle surface. The surface contact system is better than 7:24 tool holder in high-speed machining, connection rigidity and coincidence accuracy. HSK tool holder has various specifications such as A type, B type, C type, D type, E type, F type, etc. There are A type, E type and F type on the machining center (automatic tool change).

The biggest difference between Type A and Type E is:
1. The A type has a transmission groove and the E type does not. Therefore, relatively speaking, the A-type transmits a large torque, and relatively heavy cutting can be carried out. The torque transmitted by the E-type is relatively small, and only some light cutting can be performed.
2. In addition to the transmission groove, there are manual fixing holes and direction grooves on the A-type tool holder, so the balance is relatively poor.

The E type does not, so the E type is more suitable for high-speed machining. The mechanism of E-type and F-type is exactly the same. The difference between them is: E-type and F-type shank (such as E63 and F63) with the same name, the taper of F-type shank is one size smaller. That is to say, the flange diameters of E63 and F63 are both φ63, but the taper size of F63 is only the same as that of E50. So compared with E63, the speed of F63 will be faster (spindle bearing is small).